A2 · Elementary

The irregular preterite (pretérito indefinido)

The most common verbs are irregular in the indefinido: ser/ir, tener, hacer, decir and more.

Ser and ir: identical forms

ser (to be) and ir (to go) share exactly the same conjugation in the indefinido. Context tells you which verb is meant.

ser / ir
yofui
túfuiste
él/ella/ustedfue
nosotros/asfuimos
vosotros/asfuisteis
ellos/ellas/ustedesfueron

Examples

Fuimos al cine el sábado.We went to the cinema on Saturday.
Mi abuelo fue profesor de historia.My grandfather was a history teacher.
¿Fuiste tú quien llamó?Was it you who called?

Strong stems: estar, tener, hacer, poder, poner, querer, venir

These verbs take a new, irregular stem and then use the same endings: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron — with no accents!

  • estar → estuv-
  • tener → tuv-
  • poder → pud-
  • poner → pus-
  • querer → quis-
  • venir → vin-
  • hacer → hic- (but él/ella/usted = hizo, with z to keep the /θ/ or /s/ sound)
estartenerhacerpoderponerquerervenir
yoestuvetuvehicepudepusequisevine
túestuvistetuvistehicistepudistepusistequisisteviniste
él/ella/ustedestuvotuvohizopudopusoquisovino
nosotros/asestuvimostuvimoshicimospudimospusimosquisimosvinimos
ellos/ellas/ustedesestuvierontuvieronhicieronpudieronpusieronquisieronvinieron

Examples

Estuvimos en Barcelona una semana.We were in Barcelona for a week.
Tuve un problema con el coche.I had a problem with the car.
Ella hizo la tarea antes de cenar.She did her homework before dinner.
No pudieron venir a la fiesta.They couldn't come to the party.

Decir, traer, dar and ver

decir and traer also take a strong stem ending in -j (dij-, traj-), but the ellos form ends in -eron, not -ieron (the extra i disappears after the j).

dar and ver are short: they take -er-style endings without accents, since the yo/él forms are already just one syllable.

decirtraerdarver
yodijetrajedivi
túdijistetrajistedisteviste
él/ella/usteddijotrajodiovio
nosotros/asdijimostrajimosdimosvimos
ellos/ellas/ustedesdijerontrajerondieronvieron

Examples

Me dijo la verdad.He/she told me the truth.
Trajeron vino a la cena.They brought wine to the dinner.
Le di el regalo ayer.I gave him/her the gift yesterday.
Vimos una película muy buena.We watched a very good movie.

-ir verbs with a stem change: dormir, pedir

Some -ir stem-changing verbs (e.g. duermo, pido in the present) also change stem in the indefinido — but only in the él/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes forms, and the change is different:

  • o → u: dormir → durmió, durmieron; morir → murió, murieron
  • e → i: pedir → pidió, pidieron; sentir → sintió, sintieron; seguir → siguió, siguieron; preferir → prefirió, prefirieron

The other forms (yo, tú, nosotros, vosotros) are fully regular.

Examples

El bebé durmió toda la noche.The baby slept all night.
Ella pidió un café con leche.She ordered a coffee with milk.
Mis abuelos murieron hace muchos años.My grandparents died many years ago.
Los estudiantes pidieron más tiempo.The students asked for more time.

💡 Tips

💡
The irregular endings (-e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron) have **no accents** — a good clue that you're dealing with 'strong' forms.
💡
Memorize the 'strong stem' group as a set: estuv-, tuv-, pud-, pus-, quis-, vin-, hic-/hiz-, dij-, traj-. They all share the same endings.
💡
For -ir stem-changing verbs, the stem only changes for he/she and they — not for I, you, we, you-all.

🎯 Practise this topic with 10 interactive exercises (10)

🔧 Verbs: Preterite

Related grammar

The regular preterite (pretérito indefinido)
The past tense for completed events: regular -ar, -er and -ir forms.
The imperfect past (pretérito imperfecto)
The past tense for habits, descriptions and background — almost always regular.
Indefinido versus imperfecto
Two past tenses, one choice: what happened (indefinido) versus what the situation was (imperfecto)?
The present perfect (pretérito perfecto)
The past tense for recent events with an effect on now: haber + past participle.

← The regular preterite (pretérito indefinido)The imperfect past (pretérito imperfecto) →

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